The Pre-Socratic Philosophers

Against a background of continuous strife, innovative thinkers came from both the eastern and western regions of the Greek world. Only fragments of their original writings survive, and our information about them comes from later philosophers such as Aristotle, who called them “Investigators of Nature”. By Sally MallamContributing Writer They used prose not poetry as … Continuer la lecture de The Pre-Socratic Philosophers

Aid: Ending Global Poverty

Growth of average incomes globally has resulted in a stunning decline in abject poverty. Yet more than a third of the world’s population – some 2.2 billion people – live on less than $2 a day, many without access to clean water, electricity, sanitation, and basic protection of the law. And the gap between rich … Continuer la lecture de Aid: Ending Global Poverty

Birth of the Old Testament

As we’ve noted elsewhere on the site, a pivotal way humanity has communicated throughout our human journey is through stories. As is typical of the ancient world, Jewish oral tradition included myths, memories and ideas absorbed and adapted from the whole region. They would become part of what we know today as the Old Testament. … Continuer la lecture de Birth of the Old Testament

Bonobos and Chimpanzees

About five and a half million years ago the human line of descent split from the ancestor we share with chimps and the lesser-known bonobos. 98.7% of our DNA is exactly the same as theirs, including some very basic traits often attributed only to humans. Are we more like the aggressive chimp or the peaceful … Continuer la lecture de Bonobos and Chimpanzees

Socrates (470–399 BCE)

Socrates, the Founder of Western Philosophy, did not document his teachings. All that is known about him comes from the accounts of others: mainly the philosopher Plato and the historian Xenophon, who were both his pupils. By Sally MallamContributing Writer Karl Jaspers writes in The Great Philosophers, Vol. 1, “His mission was only to search in the company of men, … Continuer la lecture de Socrates (470–399 BCE)

The Written Word

When the Heavens above did not existAnd earth beneath had not come into being –There was Apsû, the first in ordear, their begetter,And demiurge Tia-mat, who gave birth to them all;They had mingled their waters togetherBefore meadow-land had coalesced and reed-bed was to be found –When not one of the gods had been formedOr had … Continuer la lecture de The Written Word

The Evolution of Human Morality: The Age of Empathy and The Bonobo and the Atheist

Featured Book The Age of Empathy andThe Bonobo and the Atheist Frans de WaalPaperback editions 2009 and 2014 Over the past few decades, observations and experiments with social animals, including humans, have led to a conceptual revolution in the understanding of how human morality evolved and of humanity’s place in the animal kingdom. This information … Continuer la lecture de The Evolution of Human Morality: The Age of Empathy and The Bonobo and the Atheist

The Sixth Extinction

Featured Book The Sixth Extinction An Unnatural History Elizabeth KolbertPaperback edition 2015 Our planet has experienced five mass extinction events in the past half billion years. The most recent occurred some 66 million years ago when an asteroid collided with earth, wiping out the dinosaurs and dramatically changing the biodiversity of life on our planet. … Continuer la lecture de The Sixth Extinction